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¬Fªv¾Ç®a Andrew Valls»{¬°¡G¡u¥¿¸q¾Ôª§¡v¨Ã¤£¥]¬A¹ï¤ä«ù®£©Æ¥D¸qªº°ê®aµo°Ê¾Ôª§¡A¨Ò¦p¥H¦â¦C´¿¸gÅF¬µ¯S¥§¦è¨È¡A¦]¬°¥H¦â¦C«ü±±¯S¥§¦è¨È¥]§È¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z®£©Æ¤À¤l¡A·í®ÉÁp¦X°ê¦w¥þ²z¨Æ·|´X¥G¤@­P§ë²¼Äþ³d¡A°£¤F¬ü°ê±óÅv¡FValls ¶i¦Ó«ü¥X¡G®£©Æ¥D¸qªº¯}ÃaÁ`³Ó¹L¾Ôª§¤§«áªG¡A¬G¦¹¹çÄ@§Ô¨ü®£©Æ¥D¸q¡A¤]¤£­nµo°Ê¾Ôª§¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A²{¤µ¨Ã¨S¦³©úÅãµý¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥ì©Ô§J»P»\¹F®£©Æ²Õ´¦³Ápô¡C¤@¦ì²{³õÆ[²³«o«ü¥X¡G¦³¤j¶qµý¾ÚÅã©ú¥ì©Ô§J¤ä«ù¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z®£©Æ¤À¤l¡C

¦b¤£¦P³õ¦X¤¤¡A­Û²z¾Ç®a Margaret Walker «ü¥X¡G¦b°ê»Úªk¤¤¡A°l¨s³d¥ô¥u¥]¬Aª½±µ­t³dªº²Õ´¡A¦Ó¤£¥]¬A¹õ«á¤ä«ùªÌ¡A¨Ò¦pÁp¦X°ê±N·|¼f°T¦b¤@¤E¤C¤­¦Ü¤C¤E¦~©ó¬Z®H¹ë¶i¦æ¤j±O±þªº¨ª¬Z¤À¤l¡A¦ý¤£·|°l¨s·í¦~¤ä«ù¨ª¬Zªº¬F©²¡C§Ú»{¬°¡G³oºØ°ê»Úªkªº­­¨î¡A¥O¼Ä·N¬FÅv¥i¥HÀH·N­É¤M±þ¤H¡A®£©Æ²Õ´¤]®e©ö§ä¨ìÂè­¤§©Ò¦Ó³p»»ªk¥~¡A¦ý¬O¡Aªk´N¬Oªk¡A­n­×§ïªk«ß´N»Ý­n¨ú±o°ê»Ú¦@ÃÑ¡C¦Ü©ó¡u®£©Æ¥D¸qªº«áªGÁ`³Ó¹L¾Ôª§¤§«áªG¡v³o¤@»¡ªk¡A§Ú¦³©Ò«O¯d¡A­Y®£©Æ¤À¤l±Ä¥Î¥Í¤ÆªZ¾¹¡B®Ö¤lªZ¾¹¡A¨ä«áªG¥i¯à¤ñ±`³W¾Ôª§§ó¥[ÄY­«¡C

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ªk°ê¾ÇªÌ Laurent Murawiec ºë³q¤HÃþ¾Ç©M­x¨Æ¾Ç¡A·í¥LÁ|¥X¥ì©Ô§J¦b¤Q¤G¦~¨Ó¹ð¦¸¹H¤ÏÁp¦X°ê¨Mij®×®É¡A¤¤ªF¸Ç¾ÇªÌ Mohammed Abu-Nimer ¤Ï»é¡G¥H¦â¦C¤]¦h¦¸¹H¤ÏÁp¦X°ê¨Mij¡CMurawiec ³o¼Ë¦^µª¡G¤@¤E¥|¤C¦~Áp¦X°ê¨Mij¥D±i¤À³Î¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¡AÅý¥H¦â¦C©M¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦U¦Û«Ø°ê¡Aªü©Ô§B¤H©Úµ´¡A´«¨¥¤§¡A¦b¥L­Ì²´¤¤¥H¦â¦C¨Ã¤£¬O¦Xªk°ê®a¡A¥L­Ì¥u¬O¡u¦û»âªÌ¡v¡A¦bªk²z¤W¡Aªü©Ô§B¤H¦A¨S¦³Åv§Q´NÁp¦X°ê¹ï¥H¦â¦C¥ô¦ó¨Mijµo¨¥¡C

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°ê»Ú©M¥­¥D¸qªÌ David Cortright ©ê¤Ï¾Ô¥ß³õ¡A¥L»{¬°¦b¾Ôª§¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h©M¥­¤èªk¥i¥H¥OÂĹF©i¸Ñ°£ªZ¸Ë¡A¦b¾ú¥v¤¤¥ç¦³¦¨¥\ªº¨Ò¤l¡A¨Ò¦p·íĬÁp¸ÑÅé®É¡A³\¦h±q«eÄÝ©óĬÁpªº·s¿W¥ß°ê®a³£¾Ö¦³®Ö¤lªZ¾¹¡A¦Ó¬ü°ê¥H©M¥­¤èªk¡A¥O¥L­Ì¦Û°Ê©ñ±ó®Ö¤lªZ¾¹¡C­Û²z¾Ç®a Shannon French ³o¼Ë¦^À³¡G¾Ôª§©TµM¥i©È¡A¦ý©M¥­¤èªk¥ç·|¾É­P¤j¶q¤H¥Á¦º¤`¡A¨Ò¦p¤Q¤G¦~«eÁp¦X°ê¶}©l¹ï¥ì©Ô§J¹ê¬I¸gÀÙ¨îµô¡A¾Ú¦ô­p¡G¦]¨îµô¦Óª«¸ê¯Ê¥F¡A¨C­Ó¤ë¬ù¦³¤­¤d¦W¥ì©Ô§J¨àµ£¦º¤`¡A¤Q¤G¦~¨Ó³o¦º¤`¼Æ¦r¤w²Ö¿n¦Ü´X¤Q¸U¡A»«©Ô¤¦¹ï¬ü°êªº«ü±±¤§¤@´N¬O³o¸gÀÙ¨îµô¡C§Ú¤£ª¾¹D¡AFrench ¬O§_·t¥Ü¡uªøµh¤£¦pµuµh¡v¡A¦ý¬O¡A­Y°í«ùµ´¤£°ÊªZ¦ÓÄ~Äò¨îµô¡A¨º»ò´N­n·Q¥X¤@­Óµ´¤£·|¾É­P¦³¤H¦º¤`ªº¿ìªk¡C©v±Ð¾Ç®a­Ý¬Fªv¾Ç®aªº James Turner Johnson ±Ð±Âªí¥Ü¡GÁp¦X°ê´¿¸g¹Á¸Õ±Ä¥Î¡uÁo©ú¨îµô¡v¡]Smart sanction¡^¡A´N¬O®e³\«D­x¨Æ¥Î³~ª«¸ê¤J¤f¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú°õ¦æ´N«D±`§xÃø¡A¦]¬°³\¦hªF¦è¬Ý¦ü«D­x¨Æª«¸ê¡A«o¥i¥H»´©ö¦aÂà´«¦¨­x¨Æ¥Î³~¡C

§Ú¦V Cortright ´£¥X³o°ÝÃD¡G¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¥_Áú·N¹Ïµo®i®Ö¤lªZ¾¹¡A¬ü°ê«eÁ`²Î¥d¯S¥X¨Ï¥_Áú¡A©M¥­¦a¸Ñ¨M¤F°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O¥H¸gÀÙ´©§U¨Ó´«¨ú¥_Áú©ñ±ó®ÖªZ¡A¥i¬O¤E¦~¤§«á¥_Áú¬GºA´_µÞ¡A¬Æ¦ÜÅÜ¥»¥[¼F¡A«ç¼Ë¥i¥H«Oµý©M¥­¸Ñ°£ªZ¸Ë¤èªk¦³®Ä©O¡H«ç¼Ë¥i¥Hª¾¹D¹ï¤è¤£·|¦ø¾÷¦A°_©O¡HCortright ¥u¬O»¡¦bñ¸p¨óij®É´£¥X§ó­V¨èªºªº±ø¥ó¡A©M¥H«á¥[±jÀˬd¤u§@¡C©Z¥Õ»¡¡A§Ú¨Ã¤£º¡·N³o­Óµª®×¡C¦Ó¥L´£¥Xªº¦¨¥\¨Ò¤l¡]«eĬÁp¦@©M°ê¡^¡A¬O¤@¨ÇµL¤ßµo®i­x¨Æ¡B¥u¦³·N·d¦n¸gÀÙªº¬F©²¡C

¦³½ìªº¬O¡A¦b³o¦¸·|ij¤¤¥D¾Ô¬£©M¤Ï¾Ô¬£³£¨S¦³·¥¤O°w¹ï¬O§_¬°¤F¥Ûªo¦Ó¥X¾Ô³o°ÝÃD¡C§Ú²q·Q¡A¨º¨Ç¾ÇªÌ¤j·§»{¬°³oijÃD¨Ã¤£­È±o¤j®Ñ¯S®Ñ¡C¤@¤E¤E¤G¦~¿Õ¨©º¸¼ú±o¥D¨©§J¡]Gary Becker¡^¡A¦b¡i°Ó·~©P¥Z¡j¤¤¼¶¤åÁ|¥X´X­Ó±j¤O²z¾Ú¡A»{¬°¬ü°ê¤£¬O¬°¤F¥Ûªo¹ï¥ì©Ô§J¶}¾Ô¡A¨Ò¦p¦ô­p­x¶O¬°¤@¦Ê¤­¤Q»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¶}¾Ô¤§«á¡A¹w´ú¥Ûªo»ù®æ·|¼W°ª¦Ü¨C±í¤­¤Q¬ü¤¸¡A¦]¦Ó¼vÅT¥þ²y¸gÀÙ¡A¬°¥Ûªo¦Ó¾Ô¡A¥u·|±o¤£Àv¥¢¡C

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2003.3


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