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¬Û«H¤£¤ÖŪªÌ³£´¿¸gÆ[½à¹L¨âÄÕ¤@¤E¤E¹s¦~¥N¥½´Áªº¨aÃø¤ù¡G¡i«¢¦Ì¦N¦h¹y¡j©M¡i±k¬P¼²¦a²y¡j¡]Deep Impact¡^¡A¨ä¹ê¡A³o¨â³¡¹q¼vªº¤º®e¨Ã«D¥þÄݤѤè©]ÃÓ¡A¦b¬ü°ê¨È§Q®á¨º¦{¥±©Ô®æ´µ¶ð¤Ò¡]Flagstaff¡^©M·Å´µ°Ç¡]Winslow¡^¤§¶¡¡A«K¦³¤@­Ó±k¬P¼²¦a²yªº¿ò¸ñ¡A¦W¥s¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|¡]Barringer Crater¡^¡Cµ§ªÌ¥ý«á¹CÄý¹L¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|¥|¦¸¡A¤£¹L¡A¤]³\§A·|·P¨ì©_©Ç¡A³ßÅwÄá¼vªºµ§ªÌ¡A«o¨S¦³¤@´T¹k¥Û§|¥þ»ªªº·Ó¤ù¡C µL¥L¡A¹k¥Û§|ªºª½®|ªø¹F¥|¤d§`¡A²`¹F¤­¦Ê¤C¤Q§`¡A°£«D±q°ªªÅ©çÄá¡A§_«h§Y¨Ï±Ä¥Î¼s¨¤Ãè¡B³½²´Ãè¡A³£¥u·|®{³ÒµL¥\¡C

ÁöµMµ§ªÌ¥h¹L³o¦a¤è¥|¦¸¡A¦ý¬O¨C¤@¦¸¾_¾Ùªº·Pı«oµ·²@µL´î¡A°£¤F¬O¦]¬°¿ñÁ諸¹k¥Û§|±a¨ÓÄá¤Hªºµøı®ÄªG¥~¡A§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A¹k¥Û§|­I«áÄ­Âõۤ@¦ì¬ì¾Ç©_¤~ªº¬G¨Æ¡A¨C¦¸§Ú·Q°_¡B´£°_³o¬q¬G¨Æ¡A³£§Ô¤£¦í°Ê®e³Üªö¡C

Barringer Crater: Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey

³o¦ì¬ì¾Ç¤Ñ¤~´N¬O¦a½è¾Ç®a¦N®¦Ä¬±ö§J¡]Gene Shoemaker¡^¡AĬ±ö§J¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬öªì¥X¥Í©ó¥[¦{¬¥§üÁF¡A¥L­ì¥»­×Ū¦a½è¾Ç¡A¦ý¤Ñ¤~»P¤H¤~ªº¤À§O¡A¬O¦b©ó«eªÌ¯à°÷±Nªí­±¬Ý¨Ó²@¤£¬ÛÃöªºªF¦è³s¦b¤@°_¡AĬ±ö§J±N¤Ñ¤å¾Ç¡B¦a½è¾Ç¦X¨Ö°_¨Ó¡A¥L¹ï±´¯Á¤ë²y¦³¿@«p¿³½ì¡A¥Ñ»·³B¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤ë«Gµ±¼ä¥­·Æ¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¥Ñ©ó¨S¦³¤j®ð¼hªº«OÅ@¡A¤ë²yªí­±¦³³\¦h¹k¥Û¼²À»¦Ó¦¨ªº²`²W¡A¤G¦¸¤j¾Ô¤§«á¬üĬ¶}®i¤F¤ÓªÅÄvÁÉ¡A¦ý³o¨Ç¤ë²y²`§|«o¦¨¬°¤Fµn³°¤ë²yªº¬D¾Ô¡C¥»¨Ó±´¯Á¥~¤ÓªÅ¬OÄÝ©ó¤Ñ¤å¾Çªº½dÃ¥¡A¦ý¤@¤E¤­¤»¦~Ĭ±ö§J«o¦Û°Ê½ÐÅÕ¥h¬°°ê®aªA°È¡A¥L­n¥H¦a½è¾Çª¾ÃѨӴú¶q¤ë²yªº²`²W¡C

¨º»ò¡A±´´ú¤ë²yªº¹k¥Û§|¸ò¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|¦³¤°»òÃö«Y©O¡H¨ä¹ê¡A¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|­ì¥»¤£³Q»{¬°¬O¹k¥Û§|¡A¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¤§«eªº¬ì¾Ç®a¥H¬°¨º²`§|¬O¤õ¤s¤f¡A¤G¤Q¥@¬öªì¤@¦ì¦W¥s¤ÚªLªNªº¶}Äq¤uµ{®v¡AÃhºÃ³o­Ó¤j¬}¬O±k¬P¼²¦a²yªº¿ò¸ñ¡A¥L¶R¤U¤F³o¶ô¦a¡A¨Ã¥B¦¨¥ß¤F¤@¶¡¤½¥q¡A§Æ±æ¥Ñ³o­Ó¹k¥Û§|¥i¥H¶}±Ä¥X¤Ñ¥~Äqª«¡A¥i±¤¶W¹L¥b­Ó¥@¬ö¤´¤@µL©ÒÀò¡A¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|¦¨¤F¦a½è¾Ç¬Éªº¯º¬`¡C¤Ñ¤~ªº¥t¤@­Ó¯SÂI¡A«K¬O´±©ó¤H±ó§Ú¨ú¡A³ßÅw¬ã¨s¤ë²y¹k¥Û§|ªºÄ¬±ö§J¡A»{¬°±N¤ë²y¡u±a¨ì¡v¦a²yªº¤ÚªLªN¹k¥Û§|¬O¤@­Ó¤Ñ½ç¨}¾÷¡A¸g¹Lªø®É¶¡¬ã¨s¤§«á¡A¤@¤E¤»¹s¦~Ĭ±ö§Jµoªí¤F¤@½g³Õ¤h½×¤å¡A¥H¬ì¾Çµý¾Úµý©ú¤F³oªº½T¬O¤@­Ó¹k¥Û§|¡A¬°¦¹¥LºaÀò´¶ªL´µ´°¤j¾Ç¹{µoªº³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¥i±¤¤ÚªLªN¦­¤w³u¥@¦h¦~¡AµLªk¿Ë²´¨£¨ì¦Û¤vªº«H©À³Qµý¹ê¡AĬ±ö§J¤£¦ý¯}¸Ñ¤F¤@­Ó¬ì¾ÇÄaÁ¼¡A¦Ó¥B®¾¦^¤F¤@¦ì§t«ë¦Ó²×ªº¤uµ{®v¤§ÁnÅA¡C

Ĭ±ö§J­¼³Ó°lÀ»¡A¤@¦~¤§«á¡A¥L¦b¬ü°ê¦a½è°É¬d§½¦¨¥ß¤F¤@ªù·s¾Ç¬ì¡A¦W¥s°µ¡u¤Ñ¤å¦a½è¾Ç¡v¡]Astrogeology¡^¡C·í¤¤°ê¤H»¡¬Y§gºë³q¤Ñ¤å¦a²z®É¡A¥Lªº·N«ä¬O³o­Ó¤H¾Ç°Ý¼s³Õ¡A¦]¬°¤Ñ¤å©M¦a²zÂkÄÝ©ó¨â¼ËºIµM¤£¦Pªº¾Ç¬ì¡CµM¦Ó¡AĬ±ö§J³ºµM¥i¥H¤W¤Ñ¤J¦a¡A¤@¤E¤»¤­¦~¥L§â¤Ñ¤å¦a½è¾Çªº¬ã¨s©Ò³]¥ß¦b¨È§Q®á¨º¦{¥±ªº©Ô®æ´µ¶ð¤Ò¡AÀ°§U¬ü°ê¬F©²°V½m¤ÓªÅ¤H¡CĬ±ö§J§Æ±æ¦Û¤v¥i¥Hµn³°¤ë²y¡A¿Ë¨­¤@¸@¤ë²y¹k¥Û§|¡A­ì¥»¥L¦³¾÷·|¦¨¬°­º¦ìµn¤ë­p¹ºÀH¦æªº¬ì¾Ç®a¡A¥i±¤¦]µÛ°·±dª¬ªp¦Ó¥¢¥h¸ê®æ¡C

Ĭ±ö§Jªº¶Ç©_¨Ã¨S¦³¦]µÛµLªkµn¤ë¦Óµ²§ô¡A¤@¤E¤K¤T¦~¥L¦]¬°µo²{¨ì¤@°ï±k¬P¸s¦Ó¦A¦¸Án¦W¤j¾¸¡A¨ä¤¤¤@Áû±k¬P§ó¥H¡uĬ±ö§J¡v¨Ó©R¦W¡C¦ý¦nÀ¸ÁÙ¦b«áÀY¡A¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~¡AĬ±ö§J¤Ò°ü¤Î¥t¤@¦ì¤Ñ¤å¾Ç®a¡Aµo²{¤F¤@Áû½Ä¦V¤ì¬Pªº±k¬P¡A·í®É³\¦h¬ì¾Ç®a³£»{¬°³oªT¹k¥Û¤£·|¦b¤ì¬Pªí­±¯d¤U¥ô¦ó²ª¸ñ¡A¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~³o±k¬P¼²À»¤ì¬P¤§«á¡A³ºµM¯d¤U¤F¤@¶ô­±¿nÃe¤jªº¡u¬Í²ª¡v¡C³o¨Æ¥ó¤Þ°_¤F¬ì¾Ç¬É°Q½×±k¬P¼²¦a²y¥i¯à±a¨ÓªºªºÄY­««áªG¡A©ó¬O¥G¡A¨­¬°¹k¥Û±M®aªºÄ¬±ö§J¡A¦¨¬°¤F¶Ç´Cª§¬Û±Ä³Xªº¹ï¶H¡C²ü§õ¬¡¥ç¶¶À³³oªÑ¼ö¼é¡A±À¥X¤F¡i«¢¦Ì¦N¦h¹y¡j©M¡i±k¬P¼²¦a²y¡j³o¨Ç¨aÃø¤ù¡C

ª½¦Ü¤µ¤Ñ¡A¬ì¾Ç®a¤´µMÄYµÂ¦a¹ï«ÝĬ±ö§J¤Þµo¥X¨Óªº°ÝÃD¡A¦b¨È¾ú®á¨º¦{ªº°ò¯S®p¤Ñ¤å¥x¡]Kitt Peak Observatory¡^¡A¦³¤@¸s¬ì¾Ç®a¤é¥HÄ~©]¦a±½´y¥~¤ÓªÅ¡AºÊ¹î¦³¨S¦³¥¨«¬¹k¥Û·|½Ä¦V¦a²y¡C¤@¦~¥b«eµ§ªÌ©M¤º¤l°ÑÆ[¹L°ò¯S®p¤Ñ¤å¥x¡A§Ú¹ïÁ¿¸Ñ­û»¡¡G¡u§Y¨Ïµo²{¤F±k¬P¤S¦³¤°»ò¥Î©O¡H¦pªG¬O¡y«¢¦Ì¦N¦h¹y¡z¡]¥@¬É¥½¤é¡^ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú¥i¥H¨«¨ì¨ºùظúÁשO¡HÁa¨Ï¹k¥ÛªºÅé¿n¥u¦³¼²¦V¤ÚªLªNªº¨º»ò¤j¡A¨ä·´·À¤O¤w¬Û·í©ó´X­Ó®Ö¤l¼u¡A­Y­°¸¨¦aÂI¬O¤H·Ï¸Y±Kªº«°¥«¡A§Ú¥i¥H°µ¬Æ»ò©O¡H¡vÁ¿¸Ñ­û»¡¡G¡u²{¦b¤ÓªÅÁ`¸p¤w¸g¦³À³Åܤèªk¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±N¤@¿´µL¤H¾r¾pªº¤ÓªÅ²î­°¸¨¦b¹k¥Ûªí­±¡AµM«á»»±±¤ÓªÅ²îµo°Ê¤ÞÀº¡A¥u­n¨Ç·L±À°Ê¤O¡A´N¥i¥H±N­ì¥»ª½©b¦a²yªº­y¸ñ¥´¬n¡C¦V±½§â¬Pµo®g®Ö¤l¼u¡AµL«D¬O¬ì¤Û¹q¼v¡C¡v

Figure (above): A telescope in Kitt Peak Observatory

­Õ­Y¥H¤W±¡ªp¯uªº¦b±N¨Óµo¥Í¡A¨º»òĬ±ö§J¥i»¡¬O¶¡±µ¦a¬@±Ï¤F¦a²y¡C¥i±¤¡A¯à°÷¹w´ú±k¬P­y¸ñªºÄ¬±ö§J¡A«oµLªk±Àºâ¦Û¤v¥Í©Rªº­y¸ñ¡A°h¥ð¤§«á¡AĬ±ö§J¤´µM§¶§¶¤£­Â¦a¦b¥þ²y¦U¦a°É¹î¹k¥Û§|¡A¤@¤E¤E¤C¦~¥L«e©¹¿D¬w§@¹ê¦a¦Ò¹î¡A¤£©¯¦b¨®º×¤¤³à¥Í¡C¥L¥Í«e¹Ú´K¥H¨Dªºµn¤ë§§Á|¡A¦b¦º«á¤~¦pÄ@¥HÀv¡A¤@¤E¤E¤K¦~¤ÓªÅÁ`¸p§â¥Lªº°©¦Ç°e¨ì¤ë²y¡C

Ĭ±ö§Jªº¹k¥Û¬ã¨s¡A´¿¸g啓µo¹LµL¼Æ«á½ú¡A¨Uº¸¯S¡Dªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ¡]Walter Alvarez¡^´N¬O¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡C¬°¤°»ò®£Às³oÃeµM¤jª«·|¦b¦a²y¤Wµ´ºØ©O¡H¹L¥h³o¤@ª½¬O¬ì¾Ç¬É¥¼¸Ñ¤§Á¼¡A¤@¤E¤K¹s¦~¦a½è¾Ç®a¨Uº¸¯S¡Dªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ©M¥L¤÷¿Ë¸ô©ö¡Dªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ¡]Luis Walter Alvarez¡A¤Ñ¤å¾Ç®a¡^´£¥X¤F¤@­Ó²z½×¡G¤»¤d¤­¦Ê¸U¦~«e¤@ªTª½®|¬°¥|¦Ü¤E­ùªº¹k¥Û¼²À»¦a²y¡A³y¦¨¤F¤j®ð¼hµ²ºc¤WªºÅܤơA¦Ç¹Ð³¬¤é¡A®£Às©M¤j³¡¥÷¥Íª«¥¢¥h¤Fºû«ù¥Í©RªºÀô¹Ò¡Aµ²ªG¦Ç­¸·Ï·À¡C²{¦b¤j³¡¤À¬ì¾Ç®a³£±µ¨ü³o­Ó²z½×¡C·íªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µµo®i³o­Ó°²³]ªº®É­Ô¡A¥LÀW±K¦a¸òĬ±ö§J°Q½×±k¬P¼²¦a²yªº±¡´º¡C

ÁöµMĬ±ö§J¥¼´¿¥ô±Ð¹L¨È¾ú®á¨º¦{¥ß¤j¾Ç¡A¦ý¥L¤j¥b¥Í³£¦b¨È¾ú®á¨º¦{¶i¦æ¬ã¨s¤u§@¡A¬°¤Fªí¹F¹ïĬ±ö§Jªº±R·q¡A¨È¤j³]¥ß¤F¡uĬ±ö§J¬ì¾Ç¼ú¡v©M¡uĬ±ö§JÁ¿®y¡v¡A¥»¦~«×Ĭ±ö§J¬ì¾Ç¼úªº±o¥D´N¬Oªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ¡A¦Ó¤µ¦~Ĭ±ö§JÁ¿®yªº¥DÁ¿ªÌ·íµM¥ç¬Oªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ¡A¦bÁ¿®y¤¤ªüº¸¥Ë¹p´µ°ª«×ªí´­Ä¬±ö§J¡A¥L»{¬°Ä¬±ö§J©Ò±a¨Óªº¬ì¾Ç­²©R¡A¨¬¥H·B¬ü¦b¤Q¥|¡B¤Q¤­¥@¬ö¸²µå¤ú¦ë§Q¤ý¤l¡]Prince Henry¡^±À°Êªº¯è®ü±´ÀI¡C

¡u¤W¦Ü¤Ñ¤å¡A¤U¦Ü¦a²z¡AµL¤£³q¾å¡C¡v±q«eµ§ªÌÅ¥¨£³o¨Ç®¥ºû»¡¸Ü¡A³£·Pı¨ì³o¬O»y±aÃÕ¿Ø¡A¤]³\³o¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿ªY½à¤@­Ó¤H³Õ¾Ç¦h¤~ªº»¡¸Ü¡A¯u¥¿·N«ä¬O¡G¥H­Ó¤H¤§¤O®Ú¥»¨S¦³¥i¯àºë³q¤Ñ¤å¦a²z¡A³o¤H¤£¬OÂø¦Ó¤£ºë¡A´N¬O§j¤û¥Ö¡C²{¦b¡Aµ§ªÌ«o»{¬°¤W¤Î¤Ñ¤å¡B¤U¹F¦a²z¬O§¹¥þ¥i¯àªº¡A¦Ó¥B¡A¥¿¦p¤W­±´£¹L¡A¤Ñ¤~»P¤H¤~ªº¤À§O¡A´N¬O¦b©ó«eªÌ¯à°÷¿Ä¦X¤F­·°¨¤û¤£¬Û¤ÎªºªF¦è¡A¶}©v¥ß¬£¡A§O¾ð¤@¼m¡C¦æ¤å¨ì¦¹¡A§Úªº¸£³U¤w¸g«÷´ê¥X³\¦h¼ç¦bªº·s¾Ç¬ì¦Wµü¡GÀJ¶ìÄá¼v¡B¥Íª«¾Ç¤p»¡¡B¤Æ¾Ç·s¸Ö¡B¤ß²zÅÞ¿è¾Ç¡Bª«²z¾ÇÀ¸¦±¡B¤Ñ¤å¾Ç¹q¼v¡B°ò·þ±ÐºÞ²z¾Ç¡B­õ¾Çª«²z¾Ç¡B¤p´£µ^¸gÀپǡB®È¹C¦ò¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¥D¸q¹q¸£¤uµ{¾Ç ¡K ¡C

Figure (above): USGS Shoemaker Building in Flagstaff, Arizona

2008.2.25


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