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¤@¤E¤E¤@¦~¡A¹Dª÷´µµoªí¤F¤@½gÃD¥Ø¬O¡Õ«ä·Q¯f¬r¡Ö¡]Viruses of the mind¡^¤å³¹¡AÅU¦W«ä¸q¡A¥L«ü¥X¶W¦ÛµM«H¥õ¬O²þ¬r¤HÃþ¤ßÆFªº¯f¬r¡F¤G¹s¹s¤­¦~¥L¦b¬ü°ê¡u¯Ã¬ù¸`¡vµoªíºt»¡ªº®É­Ô­«¥Ó³o¤@ÂI¡F¤G¹s¹s¤»¦~¦b­^°ê¹qµø¥x°O¿ý¤ù¡i¸U´c¤§·½¡j¡]The root of all evil¡^¤¤¡A¥L¦A¦¸­«½Æºë¯«¯f¬r´N¬O©Ò¦³¤HÃþ°ÝÃD¤§Äpµ²©Ò¦b¡C

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¬°¤°»ò©O¡H¹Dª÷´µ¥H¹q¸£¼Ò«¬§@¥X¸ÑÄÀ¡A¤@³¡¹q¸£¥i¥H§l¦¬¡B¶JÂäj¶q¸ê°T¡A¥i¥H°µ¤å¦r³B²z¡B±b¥Ø¹Bºâ¡A¥¦¦P¼Ë¤]¥i¥H±µ¯Ç¹q¸£¯f¬r¡F¤HÃþ¯à°÷§l¦¬¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡A·íµM¤]·|§l¦¬©U§£¸ê®Æ¡C¥L»¡¡G°ª©úªº¯f¬r¤J«I¤F¹q¸£¨t²Î¤§«á¡A·í¨Æ¤HÁÙ¤£ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¤w¸g¤¤©Û¡F©v±Ð«H¥õ¥ç¤@¼Ë¡A¡u¨ü®`ªÌ¡v¨Ã¤£ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¬O¨ü®`ªÌ¡A¥LÁ|¨Ò»¡¡A±Ð¤÷¯S¤g¨}¡]Tertullian¡^³ºµM°ª°Û¡u¦]¬°¥¦¡]°ò·þ±Ð¡^¯îÂÕ¡A©Ò¥H¤~­È±o¬Û«H¡C¡v³o©úÅã¬O¸£³U¤¤¤F¯f¬r¡C

¬°¦¹¤§¬G¡A¹Dª÷´µ»{¬°¬ì¾Ç»P©v±Ð«H¥õ¶Õ¤£¨â¥ß¡A¤w¬G¬ì¾Ç®a¥jº¸¼w¡]Stephen Jay Gould¡^¤]±µ¨ü¶i¤Æ½×¡A¦ý¥L»{¬°©v±Ð»P¬ì¾ÇÄÝ©ó¨â­Ó¤¬¤£¤z¯Aªº½dÃ¥¡]Overlapping domains¡^¡A©v±Ð«ä·Q¬O¤HÃþ¤ßÆFªº¡u¸U¥j½Y¥Û¡v¡]Rock of ages¡^¡A¦Ó¬ì¾Ç«hÃöª`½L¥Ûªº¦~ÄÖ¡]Age of rocks¡^¡C¹Dª÷´µª½¨¥¤£¿Ð¦Û¤vµLªk±µ¨ü¥jº¸¼wªº§´¨ó¡A¦]¬°¥L»{¬°©v±Ð«ä·Q¥]§t¤F¤@ºØ¤Ï¬ì¾Çªº¥@¬ÉÆ[¡A¬O¤@ºØºë¯«¯f¬r¡C

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¤£¹L¡A¹Dª÷´µ©Ò²z¸ÑªºÃѪ¾¤ß²z¾Ç©M§Ú©Ò²z¸Ñªº¤£¤@¼Ë¡A³Â¬Ù²z¤u¾Ç°|ÃѪ¾¬ì¾Ç±Ð±ÂµÎº¸兹¡]Laura Schulz¡^¸g¹L¹êµý¬ã¨s¤§«á«ü¥X¡G§Y¨Ï¬O¥|·³¤pªB¤Í¤]¤£¬O¤H­Ì·Q¹³¤¤¨º»ò®e©ö¬Û«HÅ]³N¡A®T¼Ö¨Æ·~°ò©ó¨àµ£¬Û«H¯«¸Ü³o­Ó°²³]¡A»s³y¤F¡i«¢§Qªi¯S¡j³oÃþªF¦è¥hªï¦X¥L­Ìªº¤f¨ý¡A¦ý³o¬O¤@­Ó¿ù»~ªº°²³]¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¤p«Ä¤l´Á±æ¥@¬É¦b¯´§Ç¤U¹B§@¡A¦Ó¤£¬O´Á±æ¦³¤°»ò¯«¯µ¤O¶q¡A¦³³\¦hµý¾ÚÅã¥Ü¤HÃþ°ò¦]¤w¸g¾Q¤W½u¸ô¡]hard-wired¡^¥h±µ¨ü¦ÛµM«ß¡B¦]ªGÃö«Y¡C

¥t¤@¦ìÃѪ¾¤ß²z¾Ç¡B¨àµ£¤ß²z¾Ç±M®a°ª¤O©_¡]Allison Gopnik¡^¦b¤£¦P¹êÅ礤¤]§@¥XÃþ¦üµ²½×¡A°ª¤O©_µo²{§Y¨Ï¬O¥|·³¤p«Ä¤l¤]¥i¥HÅÞ¿è¦a¡B²z©Ê¦aµo±¸¥X¨Æ¥óªº¦]ªGÃö«Y¡A³oºØ±À²z¤èªkÃþ¦ü²Î­p¾Ç®a©Ò»¡ªº¡u¦]ªG¨©¤óºôµ¸¡v¡]Causal Bayes Net¡^¡A³o¤@µo²{¸ò±q«e¥Ö¨ÈªN¡]Piaget¡^¥H¬°¤p«Ä¤l¨S¦³¦]ªGÆ[©À¬O¤j¬Û³w®xªº¡C

±d¯I¨f®æ¾Ç°|¤ß²z¾Ç±Ð±Â Stuart Vyse »{¬°°g«Hµo¥Í¤H­Ì¦¨ªø¤§«á¡A³o¬O¤@ºØªÀ±Ð¤Æ¡]socialization¡^¹Lµ{ªºµ²ªG¡A³\¦h®É­Ô¬O¥Ñ©ó¡u·N¥~ªº±ø¥ó¤Ï®g¡v¡]accidental conditioning¡^¡A¨Ò¦p¥»¨Ó¤Q¤T¤é¬P´Á¤­¸ò¤kªB¤Í¤À¤â¡BªÑ¥«¤UÂm¡B¨®º×¨S¦³Ãö«Y¡A¦ý³oºØ¥©¦X¤[¦Ó¤[¤§§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¡u¶Â¦â¬P´Á¤­¡v«H©À¡C

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¹Dª÷´µ«Ü³ßÅw¥Î¹q¸£¼Ò«¬§@¬°¤ñ³ë¡A°£¤FÃѪ¾¤ß²z¾Ç¤§¥~¡A¥L¥ç¥H¡u¼Æ½X±Æ¦C¡v¡]digital sequencing¡^¤ñÀÀ¡u°ò¦]­«²Õ¡v¡]gene recombination¡^¡A¥L«ü¥X¡G¤j¦h¼Æª«ºØªº°ò¦]¤j­P¬Û¦P¡A¥u¬O¤£¦Pªº°ò¦]²Õ¦X²£¥Í¤F³\¦h¤£¦Pªº¥Í©R¡A¥u­n¦³¨¬°÷®É¶¡¡A¦b²z½×¤W¤@°¦ªe°¨¥i¥H­«·s±Æ¦C°ò¦]¦ÓÅܦ¨¤@°¦½¿½»¡A³o´N¦n¹³¤@³¡³Áª÷¶ð¹q¸£¤dÅܸU¤Æªº¥\¯à¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¥X¦Û¦P¼Ëªº¤u¨ã½c¡A³oµL«D¬O¤£¦P¤u¨ã²Õ¦Xªºµ²ªG¡C

µ§ªÌ¹ï³oºØ¹q¸£¤ñÀÀ¦³©Ò«O¯d¡A¥ý°Q½×±N¹q¸£¤ñ§@¤H¸£¡A¦b¤@¤E¤E¹s¦~¥N³oºØ¶i¸ô¦b¬ü°ê¤j¦æ¨ä¹D¡A¤ß²z¾Ç®a¦w¼w¦Ú¡]John Anderson¡^°ò©ó³o­Ó°²³]¦Óµo®i¤H¤u´¼¼zªº»y¨¥ Lisp¡A¦w¼w¦Ú¦]¨ä²z½×¦ÓºaÀò¬ü°ê¤ß²z¾Ç·|¤j¼ú¡C¦³¦n´X¦~µ§ªÌ¤]¾K¤ß©ó½s¼g Lisp ªº¹q¸£µ{¦¡¡A±Ð¨|¤ß²z¾Ç®a¥ç´`¦¹³~®|¹Á¸Õ¥h¤F¸Ñ¾Ç¥Íªº«äºû¹Lµ{¡A±q¦Ó§ïµ½±Ð¾Ç¤èªk¡A¦ý¤Q¦h¦~¨Ó¦¬®Ä¨Ã¤£ÅãµÛ¡C²{¦b±N¹q¸£¤ñ§@¤H¸£³o¤j«e´£¤w³vº¥¨ü¨ì½èºÃ¡A¤ßÆF­õ¾Ç®a¶ëº¸¡]John Searle¡^§åµû¹L¥h³\¦hÃѪ¾¬ì¾Ç®a§â¡u¤H¸£´N¬O¹q¸£¡v³o­ÓÃþ¤ñ«ö·Ó¦r­±¸ÑÄÀ¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¤HÃþ«ä·Qªº¡u¦Û§Ú·NÃÑ¡v¡B¡u¦Û¥Ñ·N§Ó¡v¬O¥ô¦ó¹q¸£¹Bºâ¹Lµ{³£µLªk²£¥Íªº¡C

²{¦b¦^ÀY»¡¼Æ½X±Æ¦C»P°ò¦]­«²ÕªºÃö«Y¡A¹Dª÷´µµoªí¥Lªº²z½×®É¡A³Áª÷¶ð¹q¸£ÁÙ¥¼±Ä¥Î­^¥Nº¸´¹¤ù¡A·í®É³Áª÷¶ðªº¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹¬O PowerPC¡A¨º¬O°ò©ó¡uÁY´î«ü¥O¶°¹Bºâ¡v¡]Reduced Instruction Set Computing¡A²ºÙ RISC¡^¡A²³æ¦a»¡¡ARISC¥u¦³¤@²Õ°ò¥»ªºÂ²³æ«ü¥O¡A¦b»Ý­n®É¤~¥Ñ­«·s²Õ¦X²³æ«ü¥O¦Ó³y¥X¤£¦Pªº½ÆÂø«ü¥O¡A¥Ñ±q«eªº³Áª÷¶ð¹q¸£¨Ó¬Ý¡A°ò¦]­«²Õ¦n¹³¼Æ½X±Æ¦C«K¨¥¤§¦¨²z¡C¦ý¬O¡A²{¦b³Áª÷¶ð¹q¸£ùØ­±¬O­^¥Nº¸´¹¤ù¡A¨º¬O°ò©ó©M RISC §¹¥þ¬Û¤Ïªº¡u½ÆÂø«ü¥O¶°¹Bºâ¡v¡]Complex Instruction Set Computing¡A²ºÙ CISC¡^¡C²¨¥¤§¡A¹q¸£¤ñÀÀ¯à§_¦³»¡ªA¤O¡A¦b¥G§A¥Î¤°»ò¹q¸£¨t²Î¡C

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2006.8.1


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