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¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó±N·|¥Xª©¬ü°êµÛ¦WÅ@±Ð¾Ç®a«Â·G¡E¾H¥¬´µ°ò¡]William Dembski¡^ªº¦WµÛ¡i´¼¼z³]­p¡j¡]Intelligent design: The bridge between science and theology¡^¡A³o¬O¤Q¤À¥O¤H³¶ÅDªº®ø®§¡C¾H¥¬´µ°ò¾Ö¦³¥ì§Q¿Õ¤j¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç³Õ¤h¤ÎªÛ¥[­ô¤j¾Ç­õ¾Ç³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¬O°ò·þ±Ð¨u¦³ªº«ä·Q®a¡A§Ú¬Û«HµØ¤H°ò·þ®{¤@©w·|¦Û¨äµÛ§@¤¤Àò¯q¤£²L¡C

¤£¹L¡A§Ú¹ï¾H¥¬´µ°òªºÅ@±Ð¾Ç¶i¸ô«o¦³©Ò«O¯d¡A¥Lªº¼Æ¾Ç©M­õ¾Ç»·»·­â¾r©ó§Ú¡A³o½g§åµûªº¤å³¹¡A¯u¦³¦pßì碾٤j¾ð¡C§Ú©h¥B¦b³oùØ´£¨Ñ¦Û¤vªº¥tÃþ¨£¸Ñ¡AÅýŪªÌ±o¨ì¦h¤@­Ó«ä¦Ò¨¤«×¡C

¾H¥¬´µ°ò¬O¼Æ¾Ç³Õ¤h¡A¥L·íµM¤Þ¥Î¤F²Î­p¾Ç¡B©ÎµM²vªº¤èªk¡A¥h½×µý¦t©z¬O¸g¹L³Ð³yªÌºë¤ß³]­p¡A¦Ó¤£¬OÀH¾÷µo¥Íªº¡C¾H¥¬´µ°òªº²Î­p¾Ç¡B©ÎµM²v±À½×³£¬O°¾­«©ó­^°êªº¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¡]Fisherian school¡^¡A°ò¥»¤W¾H¥¬´µ°ò±Ä¯Ç¤F¶O¨Fªº¡uÅãµÛ©Ê´ú¸Õ¡v¡]significance test¡^¡A¥ç§Y¬O»¡¡A¦b¬Y­Ó°²³]¤§¤U¡A¦pªGÆ[¹î¨ìªº¸ê®Æ°¸µM¥X²{ªº¥i¯à©Ê·¥§C¡A¨º»ò´ú¸Õµ²ªG´N¬O¦³¡uÅãµÛ©Ê¡v¡A¦ýŪªÌ¤d¸U¤£¥i¥H±æ¤å¥Í¸q¡A¥H¬° significance ¬O¡u­«­n¡v¡A«Ü§C©ÎµM²vªº¨Æ¥ó¨Ã«D¤@©w«Ü­«­n¡A¦ý¸U¤¤µL¤@ªº©_¯S¨Æ¥ó´N«ÜÅãµÛ¤F¡C¦b°Q½×¦t©z°_·½¤§¤¤¡A°ò©ó§Ú­Ì¹ïª«²z¾Çªº»{ÃÑ¡A¦t©z°¸µMµo¥Íªº¥i¯à©Ê·¥§C¡A³o­Ó¡uÅãµÛ©Ê¡v¤Þ¥Ó¥X¥i¯à¦³³Ð³y¥D¡C

¦ý¬O¡A¾H¥¬´µ°ò´X¥G¤@­±­Ë¦V¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¡A¨ä¥L¾Ç¬£¡A¨Ò¦p¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¡]Bayesian inference¡A¤SĶ¬°¯¦«ä¤ÀªR¡^¡A´N©úÅã¦a¨ü¨ì§N²H«Ý¹J¡A¦b¡i´¼¼z³]­p¡jªº³Ì«á¤@­¶¡A¥L¤~²¤²¤´£¹L¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¤@¦¸¡A¦Ó¥B¬é¬O¦bµùÄÀ¤§¤¤¡C¦b¤G¹s¹s¥|¦~·s¥Xª©ªº¡i³]­p­²©R¡j¡]The design revolution: Answering the toughest questions about intelligent design¡^¡A¾H¥¬´µ°ò­«¶O¨F¦Ó»´¨©¤ó¤§¥ß³õ´N§ó¥[©úÅã¡A¥L«ü¥X¡G°ò©ó¶O¨Fªº©ÎµM²v±À½×¡A¹ï´¼¼z³]­p½×¤ñ¸û¤Íµ½¡F¦Ó°ò©ó¨©¤ó¤ÀªRªº¨º¤@®M¡A¹ï´¼¼z³]­p½×¤£¤j¤Íµ½¡C¥L»{¬°«eªÌ¤ñ¸û¥i«H¡A¦]¬°¬ì¾Ç°Ñ¦Ò¶O¨F¡B¦Ó¤£¬O¨©¤ó¡A¨Ó«Ø¥ß²Î­p¾Ç¤èªk¡AColin Howson©MPeter Urbachµ¥²Î­p¾Ç®a¥ç©Ó»{¬ì¾Ç¬É´¶¹M±Ä¥Î«eªÌ¡A¦Ó¤£¬O«áªÌ¡C

§Ú»{¬°¾H¥¬´µ°òªºÆ[ÂI¤j¦³°Óºe¾l¦a¡A²Ä¤@¡A¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¥¼¥²¤@©w¹ï´¼¼z³]­p½×¤£§Q¡A¨ä¹ê¡A¤@¨ÇÅ@±Ð¾Ç®a¥ç±Ä¥Î¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¡F²Ä¤G¡AÁöµM¬Û¹ï©ó¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¡A¹L¥h¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¬O¡u®z¶ÕªÀ¸s¡v¡A¦ý²{¦b¨ä¦a¦ì³vº¥¨ü¨ì²Î­p¾Ç®a©M¨ä¥L¬ì¾Ç®aªÖ©w¡C

¨ì©³¶O¨F¾Ç¬£»P¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P©O¡H²³æ¦a»¡¡A¶O¨F¾Ç¬£ªº©ÎµM²v¬O°ò©óÀW²v»P¾ã­Ó°Ñ¦Ò¶°¤§¶¡ªº¤ñ¨Ò¡AÁ|¨Ò»¡¡A°²­Y§Ú¯¸¦b¤@­Ó¤C­^¤Ø°ªªºÄx²y¬[¤G¤Q¤Ø¤§¥~¡A§Ú¯à°÷¦¨¥\®gÄxªº·§²v¦³¦h°ª©O¡H´M§äµª®×ªº°µªk¤§¤@¡A´N¬O§Ú³sÄò§ëÄx«Ü¦h¦¸¡AµM«á¼Æºâ©R¤¤ªºÀW²v¡A¸òµÛ­pºâ¨âªÌ¤§¤ñ¨Ò¡A³o·íµM¬O¹L«×²³æ¤Æªº»¡©ú¡A¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¥]§t¤F·¥¤§½ÆÂøªºµL­­¤À§G½u¡]infinite distribution¡^¡A¬°§K´e¦ºÅªªÌ¡A¼È¥B«ö¤U¤£ªí¡C¥i¬O¡A°²­Y§Ú¥u¥i¥H®e³\¦³¤@¦¸¾÷·|§ëÄx©O¡H¦ü¥G¶O¨F¤èªk«K¬£¤£¤W¥Î³õ¡A¦b³o±¡ªp¤U¡A¨©¤ó¤ÀªR·|µ¹¤©¤@­Ó¥ý«e©ÎµM²v¡]prior probability¡^¡AµM«á³q¹L¸gÅç¥h­pºâ«á¨Ó©ÎµM²v¡]posterior probability¡^¡C

°Q½×¦t©z«ç¼Ëµo¥Íªº°ÝÃD¡A¦ü¥G¤ñ¸û±µªñ¤W­z²Ä¤G­Ó±¡ªp¡A¥H¤HÃþª¾ÃѦӨ¥¡A³o­Ó¦t©zªº²£¥Í¥u¬O¤@¦¸¹Lªº¨Æ¥ó¡A§Ú­ÌµLªk¦n¹³°µ¹êÅç¤@¯ë¡A­«½Æ¾ã­Ó¦t©z²£¥Íªº¹Lµ{¡AµM«á­pºâ¦ÛµM¥X²{ªº¾÷·|¦³¦h¤j¡B©ÎªÌ¤W«Ò³Ð³yªº¾÷·|¦³¦h¤j¡C­^°êÅ@±Ð¾Ç®a§õ¹î¡E¥v§B®¦¡]Richard Swinburne¡AÃö±Ò¤å±Ð±Âªº¦Ñ®v¡^´N¬O¹B¥Î¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¨Ó¤ä«ù¦³¯«½×ªº¥i«H©Ê¡A¤£¹L¡A§õ¹î¡E¥v§B®¦ªº»y®ð¨Ã¨S¦³¾H¥¬´µ°ò¨º»òªÖ©w¡A¦b¤¶²Ð¨©¤ó¤ÀªR®É­Ô¡A¥LÁöµM­åªR¤F«ç¼Ë¥Ñ¸ê®Æ¦Ó¶i¨ì¦]ªG¤ÀªR¡A¦ý¥L©Z¥Õ»¡³o¨Ã¤£¬O¤H­Ì°ß¤@¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ¨Æª«ªº¤èªk¡C¦³¿³½ì¬ãŪ¥v§B®¦¤§¨©¤ó¤ÀªRªºÅªªÌ¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¥LªºEpistemic justification (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001)¡C

¾H¥¬´µ°ò»¡¬ì¾Ç®a´¶¹M±µ¨ü¶O¨Fªº²Î­p¤èªk¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¡A³o¥¼¥²ºÉµM¡C¾H¥¬´µ°ò¤Þ¥XHowson©MUrbachªºµÛ§@¬°¦õµý¡A¦ý¬OHowson©MUrbachªº®Ñ¼g©ó¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~¡A¤Q¦~«áªº¤µ¤Ñ¡A±¡ªp¤w¤j¤j¤£¦P¡CÁ|¨Ò»¡¡A§Ú¥ý«á°Ñ¥[¤F¤G¹s¹s¤@¦~¤Î¤µ¦~ªºÁp¦X²Î­p¾Ç·|ij¡A«eªÌªº¤j·|Á¿­û¬OµÛ¦W²Î­p¾Ç®aJames Berger¡A«áªÌ¬O¬ü°ê²Î­p¾Ç·|·|ªøBradley Elfron¡A¨âªÌ¤£¬ù¦Ó¦P¦a«ü¥X¡G¶O¨F¾Ç¬£©M¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¤ÀªR¤¬¦³ªøµu¡A²{¤µªºÁͶլOæߦX¨âªÌ±q¦Ó«Ø¥ß¾ã¥þªº©ÎµM²v±À½×¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b¤ß²z´ú¶q¡BÀ³¥Î®Ö¤lª«²z¾Ç¡BÂå¾Ç¡B¤ô§Q¤uµ{¾Ç¡B¸gÀپǡB¤Ñ¤å¾Ç¡K¡K¦h­Ó¤£¦P½dÃ¥¤¤¡A¨©¤ó¤ÀªR³£¨ü¨ì¼sªxÀ³¥Î¡A¾H¥¬´µ°ò¬é¬O»´»´´X¥y´N²H¤Æ¨©¤ó¤ÀªRªº­«­n©Ê¡A§Ú¬Û«H³\¦h¬ì¾Ç®a³£·|¹ï¥L½èºÃ¡C

³Ì­«­nªº¬O¡G¾H¥¬´µ°òªº¬ã¨s½ÒÃD²o¯A¦t©z°_·½¡A¦Ó¬ã¨s¡u²Î­p¾Ç¦t©z½×¡v¡]Statistical cosmology¡^ªº®õ¤s¥_¤æ Peter Coles±Ð±Â¡A¥¿¬O±Ä¥Î¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¨Ó¬ã¨s¦t©z½×¡APeter Coles©M Franceco Lucchin¦X§@¼¶¼gªº¡i¦t©z½×¡G¦t©zµ²ºcªº°_·½©M¶i¤Æ¡j¡]Cosmology: The origin and evolution of cosmic structure¡^¡A¬O¦t©z½×ªº¸g¨å¯Å§@«~¡A¦¹¥~¡A¥L©M Garrett ¦XµÛ¤F¡i¨©¤óÂk¯Ç¤ÀªR©M¤H¾Ü¦t©z­ì²z¡j¡]Bayesian inductive inference and the Anthropic cosmological principle¡^¤@®Ñ¡A©Ò¿×¡u¤H¾Ü­ì²z¡v¡A´N¬O»¡³\¦hª«²z±`¼Æ¥²¶·¤À²@¤£®t¡A¦t©z¤~¥i¥H½Ï¥Í©M©µÄò¡A¦p¬OªÌ¡A¾ã­Ó¦t©z¦n¹³¬O¬°¤H¦Ó³]¡C

§Úµ´¹ï¤ä«ù¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó½Ķ©M¥Xª©«Â·G¡E¾H¥¬´µ°òªºµÛ§@¡A¥ç¤Q¤À¹ªÀyŪªÌºë¤ß¬ãŪ¥L®Ú¾Ú¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¦Ó±Àµýªº´¼¼z³]­p¡A³o½g¤å³¹§Ú¨S¦³¤@¦r¤@¥y¤Ï¹ï¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¡A¥i¬O¡A§Ú«o¾á¤ß¾H¥¬´µ°òªº°¾°¼¡A¥i¯à·|±a¨Ó°ÝÃD¡C§Ú¦b¡q¤Ï«ä²{¥N¦t©z½×©M¶Ç²Î³Ð³y½×¡r¤@¤å¤¤´¿¸g«ü¥X¡G±N¬YºØ¬ì¾Ç²z½×©M¬YºØ¯«¾ÇÆ[ÂI±¾¹_¡A¬O¦³ÂI¦MÀIªº°µªk¡A¦b³oùاڷQ±a¥X¤@­ÓÃþ¦üªº¨£¸Ñ¡G±N¬YºØ¤èªk½×©M³Ð³y½×±¾¹_¡A¬Æ¦Ü±Æ¥¸¨ä¥L¤èªk½×¡Aªø»·¨Ó»¡¹ïÅ@±Ð¾Ç¥i¯àºc¦¨¤£§Q¡C

¾H¥¬´µ°ò¥H¤Q¤ÀªÖ©w»y®ð¡A¥h±R¶O¨F¦Ó§í¨©¤ó¡A¨Ã¥B±N¶O¨F¾Ç¬£©M´¼¼z³]­pµL§Î¤¤±¾¹_°_¨Ó¡A¥i¬O¡A²{¦b¦³©úÅã¸ñ¶HÅã¥Ü¡A¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¡B©ÎªÌ¬O¶O¨F»P¨©¤ó¾Ç¬£ªº¾ã¦X¡A¦b¤£¦P¬ì¾Ç½dÃ¥¤¤«_¤É¡F¬Û¤Ï¡A¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¨ü¨ì¤ß²z¾Ç®a©M¨ä¥LªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç®aªºÄY¼F§åµû¡A¤@¤E¤E¤E¦~¡A¤@­Ó¥Ñ¬ü°ê¤ß²z¾Ç·|µo°_¡B¥ÑµÛ¦W²Î­p¾Ç®aL. Wilkinson²ÎÄwªº¯S§O¤p²Õ¡]APA Task Force¡^¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥G¬ã¨s¬O§_¦³¥²­n¨ú½l¶O¨FÅãµÛ©Ê´ú¸Õªº©ÎµM²v»ù­È¡]p value¡^¡FHarlow¡BMulaik¡BSteiger ÁÙ½sµÛ¤F¤@¥»®Ñ¡A¦W¬°¡i¨S¦³ÅãµÛ©Ê´ú¸Õ¤S·|«ç¼Ë©O¡j¡]What if there were no significance tests¡^¡AÅU¦W«ä¸q¡A³o¥»»¡¹ïÅãµÛ©Ê´ú¸Õ©êµÛ§å§PºA«×¡C

°²­Y¦³¤@¤Ñ¡A¨©¤ó¤ÀªR¨ú¥N¶O¨F¾Ç¬£¦Ó¦¨¬°²Î­p¾Ç¡B©ÎµM²v²z½×ªº¥¿©v¡A¤H­Ì·|«ç¼Ë¬Ý«Ý¾H¥¬´µ°òªº²z½×©M°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ©O¡H§Ú²q·Q¡A¤H­Ì¤£·|»¡¡G¡u¶O¨F¦³¿ù»~¡A¾H¥¬´µ°ò¦³¿ù»~¡A¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü´¼¼z³]­p½×¬O¿ù»~¡C¡v¬Û¤Ï¡A¦³¨Ç¤H·|¿³°ªªö¯P¦a»¡¡G¡u«¢«¢¡I´¼¼z³]­p½×»P¬ì¾Ç¤£¬Û®e¡IµL¯«½×³Ó§Q¡A°ò·þ±Ð¥¢±Ñ¡I¡v¦b¦¹¡A§Ú°J¤ß§Æ±æÅ@±Ð¾Ç®a¯à°÷¹ï¦Uªù¦U¬£ªº¤èªk½×«O«ù¶}©ñºA«×¡A¥H§K±N¨Ó­Ë¥h¦Ã¤ô®É¡A³s¬Ö¤¤ªºÀ¦¨à¤]­Ë±¼¡C

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