¦³¥²­n¥Hª¾ÃѱN«H®{¤ÀÃþ¶Ü¡H

¡@

§E³Ð»¨¡B®}¤¹³Ç

À¹Ä£§Ê±Ð±Â¦b¡m®É¥N½×¾Â¡nµoªíªº¡qª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{ªº§x§½»P¥X¸ô¡r¤@¤å¡A¤Þ°_¤F¼ö¯Pªº°jÅT¡A³o¬O¤£Ãø²z¸Ñªº¡C¨â¦ìµ§ªÌ¦b¤@¤E¤C¹s¦~¥N¥[¤J­»´ä±Ð·|¡A¸g¾ú¤F¤Ï´¼­·®ð©Ò±a¨ÓªººØºØ±Ð·|°ÝÃD¡A¥¿¦pÀ¹Ä£§Ê±Ð±Â©Ò»¡¡A§@¥X¤Ï¬Ù¡B´£°Ýªº«H®{¥i¯à·|­±Á{­«­«§xÃø¡CÀ¹±Ð±Â´£Ä³³]¥ß¥tÃþ¹ÎÅé®É¡A§Ú­Ì¤Q¤À©ú¥ÕÀ¹±Ð±Âªºµ½·N¡A»P¨äÅý¨º¨Ç³ßÅw¤Ï¬Ùªº«H®{´n¹Ä­^¶¯µL¥ÎªZ¤§¦a¦Óªø´Á§íÆ{¡A¬Ý¨Ó¦³¥²­n´M§ä«Ø³]©Êªº¥X¸ô¡C

¦ý¬O¡A®É¦Ü¤µ¤é¡A§Ú­Ì«o»{¬°¤£»Ý­n¬É§O¡uª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v¡B¡u«Dª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v¡A¥ç¤£»Ý­n¶}³]¾AÀ³ª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{ªº¥tÃþ¹Î«´¡C¦]¬°§Ú­Ì»{¬°¡Gª¾ÃÑ¥u¬O¤@ºØ¤u¨ã¡A¥Øªº¬OÀ°§U«H®{¤Ï¬Ù«H¥õ¡A¦ý¤Ï¬Ù¨Ã¤£¬Oª¾ÃѤÀ¤l©ÎªÌ¬O¤@¤p¼¼¤Hªº±M§Q¡A¨ä¹ê¡A©Ò¦³¹ï«H¥õ»{¯uªº«H®{³£À³¸Ó¤Ï¬Ù¡C«i©ó¤Ï¬Ù©M¾Ö¦³ª¾ÃѨõL¥²µMÃö«Y¡Aµ§ªÌ»{ÃѤ£¤Ö¨ü¹L°ª²`±Ð¨|¡B¨ã¦³³Õ¤h»ÎÀY¡B«o¤í¯Ê¤F¤Ï«äºë¯«ªº¤H¡C

©v±Ð§ï­²ªº°¶¤j°^Äm¤§¤@¡A´N¬O½T¥ß¤F¡u©Ò¦³«H®{³£¬O§g´Lªº²½¥q¡v³o­Ó­ì«h¡A¥´¯}¤F·í¦~¤Ñ¥D±ÐùØ­±¸t«~¤H»P¥­«H®{®ù´ô¤À©úªº¶¥±è¡A¨Ã½Ä¶}¤F¯«Â¾¤H­ûªºÃbÂ_¡C·íµM¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬O¤@­Ó«Ü¶K¤Áªº¤ñ³ë¡A¦]¬°¦b±ë¸¦©£²Ä¤G¦¸¤½±Ð·|ij¡]Vatican II¡^¤§«á¡A¤Ñ¥D±ÐÅý«H®{§ó¦Û¥Ñ¦a¹ï«H¥õ¤Ï¬Ù¡A¤Ñ¥D±Ð¤@¦V±M­«ª¾ÃÑ¡A«H¤ß»Pª¾ÃѦP¼Ë³Q¬Ý­«¡A¤W¥ô±Ð©v­Y±æ«O¸S¤G¥@¦b¤@¤E¤E¤K¦~µoªí¤F¤@½gÃö©ó«H¤ß»P²z©Êªº­«­n¤å³¹¡]FIDES ET RATIO - Faith and Reason: http://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/JP2FIDES.HTM#Intro¡^¡A³o½g¤å³¹«Ü¦³·N«ä¡A­È±o§Ú­Ì²Ó¬Ý¡A±q¦Ó²`¤J¤F¸Ñ«H¥õ»P²z©Ê¤Îª¾ÃѪºÃö«Y¡C¤Ï¤§¡A¤µ¤Ñ¦bµØ¤H°ò·þ±Ð·|¥Hª¾ÃѬ°¾¹¤§¤Ï¬ÙªÌ¡A¤´µM³B©óÃä½t©ÎªÌ«D¥D¬y¦a¦ì¡C¦ý­nÂI¬O¡G·í¬YºØ°ò·þ®{³Q»{¬°¨ã¦³¬YºØ¥L¤HµLªk¥ø¤Îªº¯S½è®É¡A±Ð·|´N¥i¯à¨ü¨ì¤£¥²­nªº¤À¤Æ¡C

¤j®a¦Õ¼ô¯à¸Ôªº¡uÄÝÆF¡BÄÝ¥@¡v¤G¤Àªk¡A¬O¥t¤@­Ó©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l¡C¦b³o­Ó¶Ç²ÎùØ­±¡A­õ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç³Q¬É©w¬°¬°¡uÄÝ¥@¡vª¾ÃÑ¡A¡u°Ñ³z¸U¨Æ¸Uª«¡vªº¡uÄÝÆF¤H¡v¡A§Ï©»¤ñ¥u¦³¡uÄÝ¥@¡vª¾ÃѪº¤H¨É¦³§ó°ª¹Ò¬É¡C¦P¼Ë¹D²z¡A¡uª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v»P¡u«Dª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v¤§¤ÀÃþ¡A¬O§_¤]¦³Ãþ¦üªº¼ç¦b¦M¾÷©O¡H·íµM¡AÀ¹±Ð±Â¨ÃµL³oºØ·N«ä¡A§Ú­Ì¥u¬O«ü¥X³oºØ°Æ§@¥Îªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C

¤ÀÃþªk¡]typology, taxamony¡^¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¥¦¥i¥HÀ°§U§Ú­Ì¹ï¨Æª«¦³²M´·ªº¤F¸Ñ¡A¦b¯«¾Ç¤¤¦³Hans Frei ªº¯«¾Ç¤­¤j¤ÀÃþ¡A¦bºë¯«¯f¾ÇùØ­±¦³Diagnosis and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for Mental Disorders¡A¦b²Î­p¾ÇùØ­±¦³ descriptive statistics¡Binferential statistics¡A±´¨s¨Æª«¥»¨­´N¬O¤@ºØ¤À¸Ñ¡]decomposition¡^ªº¹Lµ{¡A¦ý¬O¡A¤Q¤C¥@¬ö­õ¾Ç®a²Ã¥d¨à«o´£¥X¡G¹ï¬YºØ²{¶H¤ÀªR¡B¤ÀÃþ¡B¤À¸Ñ¤§¾l¡AÁٻݭn±N¤À¸ÑªºªF¦è­«·s²Õ¦X°_¨Ó¡C³o¥¿¬Oµ§ªÌªº¥ß³õ¡G¦b¤Ï¬Ù¤èªk¤W¨C­Ó¤H³£¦³¤À§O¡A¦³¨Ç«H®{Æp¬ã¸t¸g¡A¦³¨Ç¤H¶D½Ñ­õ¾Ç¡A¦³¨Ç¤H±Ä¥ÎªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¡A¦³¨Ç¤H¤°»ò¥D¸q¤]¤£Á¿¡A¦Ó¬O±Ä¨ú¡u¥@¨Æ¬}©ú¬Ò¾Ç°Ý¡B¤H±¡½m¹F§Y¤å³¹¡vªº¤èªk¡AµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¦b³o¤@¤Á­I«á¡AµL«D¬O¤@ºØ¹ï«H¥õ¤@µ·¤£­e¡BÄ@·N¸ÛÀµ¦a¤Ï«äªººA«×¡C

¡uª¾ÃÑ¡v¬O¤@­ÓÅ¢²Îªº¦Wµü¡A¤£©¯¦a¡A¦b«Ü¦h°ò·þ®{¤ß¥Ø¤¤¡A¡uª¾ÃÑ¡v¤w¸g¥ý¤J¬°¥D¦a³s±aµÛ¥¿­±©ÎªÌ­t­±ªº»ù­È¡B§l¤Þ¤O©ÎªÌ±Æ¥¸¤O¡C·í¦³¤F¡uª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¹Î«´¡vªº®É­Ô¡Aµ§ªÌ¹w®Æ¨ì¦³¨Ç¤Hªº¤ÏÀ³¬O¡G³o¨Ç¤°»ò¤°»ò¥D¸q¤Ó¹L¾Ç³N¡A§Ú¤£·|ª¾¹D¥L­Ì»¡¤°»ò¡C¦ý¬O¡A·í§Ú­Ì¸õ¥X°ò·þ®{ªº°é¤l¦Ó°Ñ¦Ò¨ä¥LªÀ¸s®É¡A¥i¯à§Ú­Ì·|µo²{¨ì³oºØ¹ï¡uª¾ÃÑ¡vªº¥¿­±­t­±·§©À¬O¨S¦³¥²­nªº¡C¦p¦ò¾Ç¹ÎÅé¥D¿ìªºÁ¿®y¡A§Y¨ÏÁ¿ªÌ¸Ô²Ó¦a¸àÄÀ¡A¦ò¾Ç¨ÌµM¤£¬O«Ü®e©ö²z¸ÑªºªF¦è¡A¤°»ò¡u¤@¤ß¤TÆ[¡v¡B¡u¸Uªk°ßÃÑ¡v¡B¡u¤T¬É°ß¤ß¡v¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬O¤T¨¥¨â»y´N¥i¥H»¡±o©ú¥Õ¡C¨º¨Ç¦ò¾ÇÁ¿®yªºÆ[²³¤Q¤À°Ñ®t¡A¦³³\¦h¤H¬O¥¼¨ü¹L°ª²`±Ð¨|ªº¦Ñ¤H®a¡A¦ý¬OÁ¿ªÌ¤´µM©ñÁx¦a°ª½ÍÁï½×¡AÅ¥²³¤´µM²Ó¤ß¦a²âÅ¥¡A¨S¦³¤H§ë¶D¨º¨ÇªF¦è¤Ó¹L¡u¾Ç³N¤Æ¡v¡C²³æ¦a»¡¡A°l´M¦ò¾Çªº¤H¨Ã¤£¤¶·N©Ò¿×ª¾ÃÑ«¬©M«Dª¾ÃÑ«¬¤§¤À¡]³o¨Ã¤£¥]¬A²V¦X¤F¥Á¶¡©v±Ð«H¥õªº¦ò±Ð®{¡^¡A¡u¶}®©¡v¬O¥Øªº¡AÆp¬ã¦ò¾Ç¥u¬O¤â¬q¡C

²³©Ò©Pª¾¡A±N¤H¤ÀÃþªº°Æ§@¥Î¤§¤@¬O¼ÐÅÒ®ÄÀ³¡]labeling effect¡^©M¨èªO¦L¶H¡]stereotyped¡^¡A¥[®³¤j­õ¾Ç®a§JÄv¡]Ian Hacking¡^§ó¶i¤@¨B«ü¥X¡G¤HÃþªÀ·|¤¤ªº¤ÀÃþ¬O¤@ºØ¡u¤¬°ÊºØÃþ¡v¡]interactive kind¡^¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A³QÂk¬°¬Y¤@Ãþ«¬¤H·|¤£¦Ûı¦a¦b«H©À¡B¦æ¬°¤WÁͦV§k¦X¨º­ÓºØÃþ¡B©ÎªÌÁÙ¨S¦³³QÂkÃþªº¤H·|»{¬°¦Û¤v´N¬OÄÝ©ó¬YºØÃþ¡A©ó¬O¥G¦Û§Ú§ä´Mµý©ú¡A¥LÁ|¨Ò«ü¥X¡G¦h­«¤H®æ¡]multiple-personality¡^©M­h«Ý¨àµ£¡]child abuse¡^³o¨Ç·§©À¤À§O³Q¤ß²z¾Ç®a©MªÀ·|¾Ç®a¤½§G¤§«á¡A¦è¤èªÀ·|¤¤¬ðµM¡uÃzµo¡v¤F³\¦h¦h­«¤H®æ©M­h«Ý¨àµ£ªº­Ó®×¡C§Ú­Ì¦A¦¸±j½Õ¡GÀ¹±Ð±Âªº´£Ä³¬OÃhµÛ¨}¦n°Ê¾÷ªº¡A¡uª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v³o¦Wµü¤]³\¬O¶¶¤â©à¨Ó¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¤@ºØÄY®æªº¤ÀÃþªk¡C¦ýµL½×¦p¦ó¡A§Ú­Ì¤´µM¾á¤ß¡u«Dª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v·|±a¨Ó¤°»ò®ÄÀ³¡A·|§_¦³¨Ç¤H¥H¬°¦Û¤v¤£À´±o¤°»ò¤°»ò¥D¸q¡A´N¦Û§Ú¼ÐÅÒ¬°¡u«Dª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v¡A±q¦Ó¥¢¥h¤F°l´M«H¥õ¤Ï«äªº¾÷·|©O¡H

©ÎªÌ¤Ï¹L¨Ó»¡¡A§Ú­Ì·|¹ï¡uª¾ÃÑ«¬«H®{¡v²£¥Í¤F¨èªO¦L¶H¡A¥H¬°¥u¦³¥L­Ì¤~¦³²`¨è²´¥ú¡A¦p¦¹ªÌ³o§Î¦¨¤F¥tÃþªº¡uÄÝÆFź¶Æ¡v¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬O°²³]©Êªº°ÝÃD¡Aµ§ªÌ¤§¤@¡]§E³Ð»¨¡^´N´¿¸g¥Ø¸@¹L³oºØ²{¶H¡A±q«e§E³Ð»¨¤£º¡©óºÖ­µ¬£ªº«O¦u«Ê³¬¡A©ó¬O«_µÛ¤Ñ¤U¤§¤j¤£¿Ð¡A°Ñ¥[¬Y­Ó¶}©ñ±Ð¬£ªº»E·|¡AµLºÃ¡A¨º­Ó±Ð¬£¤ñ¸û­«µøª¾ÃÑ¡A¦ý¤Ý¸Þªº¬O¡A³o­Ó¹ª§j²z©Ê±´°Q¡B¶}©ñºë¯«ªº±Ð¬£¡A¨ìÀY¨Ó¦b¬Y¨Ç¥D±i¤W¤´¬O¾Ö©êµÛ±Ð±ø¥D¸q¡A¹ïºÖ­µ¬£§ó¥[Â\¥X¤@°Æ¤£®h¤@ÅUªººA«×¡A¥L­Ì°í«H³q¹Lª¾Ãѱ´°Q¦Ó±o¨Óªºµ²½×¡A¥i¬O¡A³o¤Ï¦ÓÅܦ¨¤F¥tÃþªº°õµÛ¡B¥tÃþªº«Ê³¬¡C

ÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¡A±Ð·|¥u¦³¤@ºØ¤H¡A´N¬O¸o¤H¡C§Ú­Ì³£¬O°ò·þªº¨­Åé¡A©õ¤é«OùÄU¾É­ôªL¦h«H®{¤£­n¤Àªù§OÃþ¡A»¡§Ú¬OÄÝ©óÁFªkªº¡B§Ú¬OÄÝ©ó«Oùªº¡C¦ýÄ@¡uª¾ÃÑ¡v¤£·|¦¨¬°·sªº²Ì¸}¥Û¡C

2005.10.3


Navigation

Essay Menu

Poem Menu

Short Story Menu

On Cultures and Nations

On Study and Education

On Relationship and Psy

On Writing

On Art

Other Essays

Special Topics

Main menu

Other Authors

Simplified Navigation

Table of Contents

Search Engine

Credit/Copyright ©

Contact Dr. Yu