¯«·|¶i¤Æ¶Ü¡H

§E³Ð»¨

¤@¯««H¥õ¬O¡u²×·¥³ø´_¡v¶Ü¡H

¬ü°ê§@®a´¶©Ô¯÷¡]David Plotz¡^´¿¦b¤@¥»®Ñ¤¤¡A±Ä¨úª½Ä±ªº¤èªk¤ÀªR¬ù¸t¸g¡A¥L§¹¥þ¨S¦³±Ä¥Î¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ¡A¥ø¹Ï¦b¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¡u¾ú¥v¥]µö¡v¤§¤Uµo®i¥X¹ñ·s¨¤«×¡A´¶©Ô¯÷»{¬°¡G¬ùªº¯«¤â¬q´Ý»Å¡A¨Ò¦p§h©J¬ù®Ñ¨È²v­x±O±þ­{«n¦a­ì¦í¥Á¡C¦³½ìªº¬O¡A¬ã¨s¶i¤Æ¤ß²z¾ÇªºÃ¹©ÞµÜ¯S¡]Robert Wright¡^¦b¨äªñ§@¡i¯«ªº¶i¤Æ¡j¡]Evolution of God¡^¤¤¡A¤]¹ï¬ù¸t¸gªº¶Ç²ÎÆ[ÂI´£¥X¬D¾Ô¡A¦ý¥Lªº¶i¸ô«o¸ò´¶©Ô¯÷¤j¬Û³w®x¡AµÜ¯S±Ä¯Ç¤F¤j¶q¤HÃþ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Ç¡B¾ú¥v¾Ç¡B¦Ò¥j¾Ç¡B©v±Ð¾Ç¡B¤ß²z¾Çªº¸ê®Æ¡C

µÜ¯S«ü¥X¡G¦Ò¥j¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¬ù®Ñ¨È¨Ã¨S¦³²v»â¥H¦â¦C¤H®ø·À­{«n¦a­ì¦í¥Á¡A¬ù¸t¸gªº©v±Ð¨Ã¤£¬O¥­¦a¤@Án¹pÃzµo¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¥H¦â¦C¤H¥H·sªº«H¥õ¨ú¥N­ì¦í¥Áªº©v±Ð¡A¬Û¤Ï¡A¥H¦â¦C¤H¨ä¹ê¬O­{«n­ì¦í¥Á¤§¤@¡A¨ä¤@¯«©v±Ð¬O³vº¥¥Ñ­{«nªº¦h¯«©v±Ð¡u¶i¤Æ¡v¥X¨Óªº¡C¬ù°O¸üªº©Ò¿×²§±Ú¯«ÆF¡u¤Ú¤O¡v¡A¥i¯à¬O¥X¦Û¥»¤g¡C«á¨Ó¥H¦â¦C¾D¨ü¨ì¨È­z«Ò°ê¡B¤Ú¤ñ­Û«Ò°ê¤J«I¦Ó°ê¯}®a¤`¡AµS¤Ó¤H­nºû«ù¦Û¤v¦³§O©ó¥~¨¹¤Hªº¨­¤À¡A©ó¬Oµo®i¥X¡u­C©MµØ¬O¸U¤ý¤§¤ý¡B¸U¥D¤§¥D¡vªºÆ[©À¡A²³æ¦a»¡¡A¤@¯««H¥õ¬O¹ï¥~°ê¤å¤Æªº¡u²×·¥³ø´_¡v¡C

µÜ¯S¡u©v±Ð¶i¤Æ½×¡vªºµý¾Ú¤§¤@¡A¬OÃö©ó¯«ªº¦W¦r¡A³o»¡ªk¬O°ò©ó¡uJEDP¥|©³¥»»¡¡v¡]¤SºÙ¬°¡u¤å¥»°²³]¡v Documentary hypothesis¡^¡C¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¼w°ê¸t¸g¾ÇªÌ«Âº¸¯E¥Í¡]Julius Wellhausen¡^ºî¦X¤F«e¤H²z½×¡A´£¥X¬ùªº¼¯¦è¤­¸g¤D¥Ñ¥|­Ó¤£¦P©³¥»²Õ¦¨¡A¨º´N¬O­C©MµØ¨å¡]Yahwist source¡^¡B¥ìù¦]¨å¡]Elohist source¡^¡B¥Ó©R°O¨å¡]Deuteronomist¡^¡B²½¥q¨å¡]Priestly source¡^¡CµÜ¯S½èºÃ¡G¬°¤°»ò¸t¸g§@ªÌ¤@·|¨àºÙ©I¯«¬°¡u­C©MµØ¡v¡A¤@·|¨à¤SºÙ©I¡u¥ìù¦]¡v©O¡H³o¤£¬O·|ÂZ¶ÃŪªÌ¶Ü¡H¥L´£¥X¤F¤@­Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡G¦b¬ù¸t¸g¦s¦b¤§«e¤w¸g¦³¨â­Ó©Î¥H¤Wªº©v±Ð¶Ç²Î¡A§Æ§B¨Ó¤H±N¨ä¥L©v±Ðªº¶Ç²Î²V¦X°_¨Ó¡A¥H­P¦b¦WºÙ¤Wµo¥Í²V¶Ã¡C

­C©MµØ¡G§Ú´N¬O§Ú

µÜ¯S¥H¯«ªº¦W¦r¨Ó§@¬°¤ä«ù¬ù¸t¸g«H¥õ·½¦Û­{«n¦a¥»¤g©v±Ðªº»¡ªk¡A¦ý¨ä¹ê±q¯«ªº¦W¦r¡A¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¬ù«H¥õ¦b©Ê½è¤W»P­{«n©v±Ð«nÁÕ¥_Âá¡C¸t¸g¡i¥X®J¤Î°O¡j°O¸ü¯«©I¥l¼¯¦è»â¾É§Æ§B¨Ó¤HÂ÷¶}®J¤Î¡A¡u¼¯¦è¹ï¯«»¡¡G¡y§Ú¨ì¥H¦â¦C¤H¨º¸Ì¡A¹ï¥L­Ì»¡¡G§A­Ì¯ª©vªº¯«µo§Ú¨ì§A­Ì³o¸Ì¨Ó¡C¥L­Ì­Y°Ý§Ú»¡¡G¥L¥s¬Æ»ò¦W¦r¡H§Ú­n¹ï¥L­Ì»¡¬Æ»ò ©O¡H¡z¯«¹ï¼¯¦è»¡¡G¡y§Ú¬O¦Û¦³¥Ã¦³ªº¡C¡z¤S»¡¡G§A­n¹ï¥H¦â¦C¤H³o¼Ë»¡¡G¡y¨º¦Û¦³ªº¥´µo§Ú¨ì§A­Ì³o¸Ì¨Ó¡C¡z¡v¤¤¤å¸t¸g½Ķªº¡u¦Û¦³¥Ã¦³¡v¥¼§K¹L©ó½ÆÂø¡A²³æ¦a»¡¡A·í®É¯«¦^µª¡G¡u§Ú´N¬O§Ú¡C¡v¡]I am that I am¡^¦ý¬°¤°»ò¯«¬G§Ë¥Èµê¡B¤£Ä@·N³zÅS¦Û¤vªº©m¦W©O¡H

¦^ÅU·í®ÉªñªFªº©v±Ð¡A¯«ÆF¤£¦ý¦³¦W¦r¡A¦Ó¥B¦³§Î¶H¡A¨Ò¦p¥DºÞ¤sªLªº¬O¤s¯«¡A¥DºÞ¦¿ªe´òªyªº¬O¤ô¯«¡A¤H­Ì»{¬°­YªGª¾¹D¯«ªº¦W¦r¡A´N¥i¥H±±¨î¨º­Ó¯«¡C²³©Ò©Pª¾¡A¬ù¸t¸g¤@¶}©l¤w¸g¸T¤î¬°¯«ÀJ¨è°¸¹³¡A­ì¦]¤§¤@¬O¤£®e³\±N¯«¡u¦³­­¤Æ¡v¡A­°®æ¦¨¥ÛÀY¡B¤ìÀY¡B¸VÃ~©ÎªÌ¤Hªº§Î¶H¡F¨ä¹ê¡A«a»P¤@­Ó¤£·íªº¦W¦r¦b¯«ÀY¤W¡A¬O¥t¤@ºØ¡u¦³­­¤Æ¡v¡B¡u°¸¹³¤Æ¡v¡C

¡u­C©MµØ¡v¨Ã¤£¬O¤@­Ó¶Ç²Î©v±Ð·N¸qªº¦W¦r¡A¦Ó¬Oªí¥Ü¤W«Ò§@¬°¤§¦Wµü¡A¡u­C©MµØ¡v¡]Yahweh¡^»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº°Êµü¡uhayah¡v¤j¦³Ãö«Y¡A¨ä·N«ä¬O¡u§Ú±N·|¡v¡]to be¡^¡C¡u§Ú´N¬O§Ú¡v¤Þ¦ù¥X¡u§Ú±N·|¬O§Ú¡v¡]I will be what I will be¡^¡A³o¬O»¡¯«ªº¯S½è±q¦æ°Ê¤¤Åã²{¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡i¥X®J¤Î°O¡j»¡¯«¥X¤â¤§«á¡]¦p­°¤U¤Q¨a¡^¡A¥H¦â¦C©M®J¤Î«K¡uÀ³ª¾¹D§Ú¬O­C©MµØ¡v¡C

¡i³Ð¥@¬ö¡j¤S°O¸ü¤F¤@¬q¤H©M¯«ºL¸øªº¬G¨Æ¡A¦³¤@¦¸¤@­Ó¦W¥s¶®¦Uªº¤H¦b¸ô¤W¹J¤W¤@­Ó¯«¯¦¤H¡A¨º¤H©M¶®¦UºL¸ø¡Aª½¨ì¾¤©ú¡C¨º¤H¨£¦Û¤v³Ó¤£¹L¶®¦U¡A«K±N¶®¦Uªº¤j»LºÛºN¤F¤@§â¡A¶®¦Uªº¤j»LºÛ¥¿¦bºL¸øªº®É­Ô´N§á¤F¡C¨º¤H»¡¡G¡u¤Ñ¾¤©ú¤F¡A®e§Ú¥h½}¡I¡v¶®¦U»¡¡G¡u§A¤£µ¹§Ú¯¬ºÖ¡A§Ú´N¤£®e§A¥h¡v¨º¤H»¡¡G¡u§A¦W¥s¬Æ»ò¡H¡v¥L»¡¡G¡u§Ú¦W¥s¶®¦U¡C¡v¨º¤H»¡¡G¡u§Aªº¦W¤£­n¦A¥s¶®¦U¡A­n¥s¥H¦â¦C¡F¦]¬°§A»P¯«»P¤H¸û¤O¡A³£±o¤F³Ó¡C¡v¶®¦U°Ý¥L»¡¡G¡u½Ð±N§Aªº¦W§i¶D§Ú¡C¡v¨º¤H»¡¡G¡u¦ó¥²°Ý§Úªº¦W¡H¡v©ó¬O¦b¨º¸Ìµ¹¶®¦U¯¬ºÖ ¡C¡v

¨ä¹ê¡A·í¡u¨º¤H¡v»¡¶®¦U¡u»P¯«»P¤H¸û¤O³£±o¤F³Ó¡v®É¡A¥L¤w¸g¼ÉÅS¤F¨­¤À¡A¶®¦U¬°¤°»ò­nÄ~Äò°l°Ý¥Lªº¦W¦r©O¡H¤@­Ó¦X²zªº¸ÑÄÀ¬O¡G¦b¥j¥NªñªFªº©v±Ð²ß«U¤¤¡A¨C­Ó¯«³£À³¸Ó¦³¤@­Ó¦W¦r¡A¨º»ò¡A¶®¦U­nª¾¹D¯¬ºÖªÌ¬O½Ö¡A¬Ý¨Ó¬O¦X±¡¦X²z¡A¦ý¡u¨º¤H¡v«o«Ü¤£Â§»ª¡A¨S¦³»¡¦Û¤v¬O¡u»ô¤Ñ¤j¸t¡v¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¡uÃö¸t«Ò§g¡v¡A¤Ï¦Ó»¡¡G¡u¦ó¥²°Ý§Úªº¦W¡H¡v¡CÁ`¬A¨Ó»¡¡A¼¯¦è©M¶®¦Uªº¸g¾ú¡A³£»¡©ú¤F§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¹ï¯«ªºÆ[©À¡A»P·í®É¬y¦æ©v±ÐºIµM¤£¦P¡C

µ²»y

±q¬Y­Ó¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡AµÜ¯S»¡¡u¯«ªº¶i¤Æ¡v¤]¬O¦³ÂI¹D²z¡A¦pªG±N¡u¶i¤Æ¡vÅ¢²Î¦a¸ÑÄÀ¬°¡uÂàÅÜ¡v¡A¨º»ò¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¤HÃþ¹ï¯«ªº»{ÃÑÀHµÛ®É¥N¦Ó§ïÅÜ¡A²¦³º¡A·s¬ù¸t¸g¹ï¯«ªº´y­z¤ñ°_¬ù¸t¸g§ó¥[²`¨è¡A¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¦b¤@¤E¤»¤G¦Ü¤»¤­¦~±ë¸¦©£¤G¦¸¤½±Ð·|ij¤§«á¡A¹ï¯«ªº²z¸Ñ¸ò±q«e«Ü¤£¤@¼Ë¡C¥i¬O¡A¦pªG±N¡u¯«ªº¶i¤Æ¡vµ¥¦P©ó¤HÃþ³Ð³y¯«ªºÆ[©À¡Bµ¥¦P©ó¡u³y¯«¹B°Ê¡v¡A³o¤S¬O¥t¤@¦^¨Æ¡C

¥­¤ß¦Ó½×¡AµÜ¯S©Ò»¡¤]¨S¦³¦h¤j·s·N¡A¡uJEDP¥|©³¥»»¡¡v©M¨ä¥L¸t¸g§å§P²z½×¡A¦b¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¤w¸g¶}©lµo®i¡C«e¤Ñ¥D±Ð­×¤k³Í­Ûªü©i´µ¯S®Ô¡]Karen Armstrong¡^¦b¤Q¦h¦~«e¼¶¼g¹L¡i¯«ªº¾ú¥v¡j¤@®Ñ¡A¡i¯«ªº¾ú¥v¡j»P¡i¯«ªº¶i¤Æ¡j¦³Ãþ¦üªº¥DÃD¡A¨º´N¬O¡G¯«ªºÆ[©À¸g¹L¾ú¥vºtÅÜ¡C

¦b¡i¯«ªº¶i¤Æ¡j¤¤¡AµÜ¯SÁ٤ޥΤF¶i¤Æ¤ß²z¾Ç¡B³Õ«³½×¡]Game theory¡^¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ§Æ§B¨Ó¤H«ç¼Ë³vº¥§ïÅܹﯫªºÆ[©À¡A¤£¹L¡Aµ§ªÌ¤£¥i¯à¦b³o½gµu¤åùØ­±³v¤@°Q½×¡A½ÐŪªÌ¯d·N¡u§E³Ð»¨¡v¥¼¨Óªº¤å³¹½}¡C§Ú¬O¤Z¤Ò«U¤l¡A·íµM¦³¦W¦³©m¡C

2009/9/14

¡@


Navigation

Essay Menu

Poem Menu

Short Story Menu

On Cultures and Nations

On Study and Education

On Relationship and Psy

On Writing

On Art

Other Essays

Special Topics

Main menu

Other Authors

Simplified Navigation

Table of Contents

Search Engine

Credit/Copyright ©

Contact Dr. Yu